Question 5 (Part I, II, III)

Part III- Murder Most Brutal

Question 5 : Match the photos of victims' of evidence ,explaining your rationale for doing so.

Image 1

Image 1 has 2 third molars present in the mandible. It has a big possibility that the mandible belongs to an adult above the age of 17 as the tooth eruption date for the third molar is at the age between 17-21 years old. The Mandible and skull remains of image 1 belongs to a male as it shows protruding chin and prominent mandible arch. Therefore according to the missing profiles given in the passage,we can assume that the victim might be either Herman Hartono or his son,Adi Hartono.There are three teeth left on right mandible, which are first, second, and third molar( indication of adulthood ). There are also two teeth left on left mandible, which are second and third molar. All the teeth on maxillary bone are missing.skull is fractured may be due to injury before death or bad archaeology when pressure applied on the skull while being buried in the soil for a long period of time. Supraorbital margin is more rounded in shape . Zygomatic bone is more prominent . We can also observe that the mandible has a slightly protruding arch which will indicate a chin protruding Thus , we can conclude that this victim is a male

                                  

Image 2 

Fractured mandible bearing three teeth at the back (lateral view)

From this image, we can double confirm that the third molar of the victim has erupted. The tooth eruption period for third molar is 17 to 21 years old. The victim has an angular and square shaped mandible. We can assume that the victim is a male.

  

Image 3

fractured mandible bearing three teeth at the back (medial view)

Same finding as image 2.

Image 4

Image 2,3,4 has three back teeth which includes a third molar present at the right mandible .As per mentioned in Image I, the tooth eruption date for third molar is in the age of 17-21 years old. Hence,the victim has to be an adult above the age of 17. In addition to the context, the victim has an angular and square shaped mandible indicating a male victim. The victim might be Herman Hartona or Adi Hartona. Based on the image alone, we can't match the image 1 and 2,3,4 to either Herman Hartono or Adi Hartono.Therefore, we need further evidence such as the dental records , dna profile and radiographs of the respective victims for further confirmation. fractured mandible bearing three teeth at the back (superior view)

There is obvious depression on mesial surface of the first molar. It may be due to caries, chipped or broken tooth.

Image 5

From the image, we can see an erupted tooth on the right mandible with rounded mesial and distal outline. Therefore we hypothesize that it is a right mandibular canine, which indicate that the victim may be around 2 to 8 years old.Therefore, it might fit the profile of Anya Suriati, 9 yrs old, who was reported missing.

Hypothesis

Image 1 :
Adult male skull and mandible


Image 2, 3, 4:
Adult male mandible

Image 5:
Children mandible. Age is ranged between 2 to 8 years old.

·         Considering the evidences available up to this point in time, describe in detail how you would go about investigating further, assuming you are Dr. Rudi or Dr. Suria, explaining what you anticipate at each step.

Considering the evidences available up to this point the first step will be to

1)      Examine the skull and pieces of jaw to create a profile for the victim including

a)      Age – Through the cranial sutures . An adult over the age of 30 will have cranial sutures . As the person’s increases the skull becomes smoother since the sutures are fused

 or tooth erupted (only estimated age can be obtained )

A common method is using carbon -14 an isotopic carbon analysis of developed teeth to determine precise age and obtain clues to the victim’s geographic origin.

b)      Gender

Brow ridge – more prominent brow ridge in males as seen in this victim

Mandible – a more angular and sharp mandible in males

c)      Race

The world population is traditionally divided by physical

anthropologists into three categories: Caucasoid (commonly known as whites), Mongoloid which can be divided into two groups : Asians and

Southwest Mongoloids, and Negroid( commonly known as blacks )

Dental Traits – e.g. Mongoloids have shovel shaped incisors

Facial Features – e.g. Monogoloids have a broader face and a lower nose    bridge

2)      DNA Profiling

Steps in DNA Profiling

a)      DNA must be extracted i.e. from fingerprints

b)      DNA Quantitation to determine the amount of DNA available prefrerably arpproximately 1 nanogram

c)      PCR Amplification-Chemicals are added to the sample to allow specific fragments of DNA to reproduce millions of times.

d)     Genotyping – DNA fragments are separated using electrophoresis

e)      Compare – DNA of the victim is usually compared to a blood related victim